The History of the Willys Civilian Jeep
From wartime legend to civilian icon — over 40 years of production
Willys MB (Military)
The wartime Willys MB, built by Willys-Overland (with Ford also producing the GPW), proved itself as the ultimate light reconnaissance vehicle. Over 600,000 were produced. Its 60 hp L-134 “Go-Devil” four-cylinder, four-wheel drive, and simple rugged design became legendary.
CJ-2A — The First Civilian Jeep
In July 1945 Willys introduced the CJ-2A (“Civilian Jeep”). Key changes from the MB included a tailgate, larger fuel tank, side-mounted spare, and the iconic 7-slot grille (versus the military 9-slot). Approximately 214,760 were built. Aimed at farmers and veterans, it often came with only a driver’s seat as standard.
CJ-3A
Refinements included a one-piece windshield with rounded upper corners, more legroom, and minor mechanical updates. Still powered by the Go-Devil. Visually very close to the CJ-2A — the easiest tell is the windshield.
CJ-3B
After Kaiser bought Willys in 1953, the CJ-3B appeared with a taller hood and grille to clear the new higher-output F-134 “Hurricane” F-head engine (roughly 72–75 hp). Flat-fender body continued. Production continued alongside the newer CJ-5 for many years.
CJ-5 — The Iconic Round-Fender
Based on the Korean War M38A1, the CJ-5 introduced rounded fenders, a wider body, and a more modern look. Wheelbase grew to 81 inches. It became the longest-running CJ (nearly 30 years) and the most produced (over 600,000). Later received the Buick Dauntless V6 (1966–1971) and AMC engines under American Motors ownership from 1970.
CJ-6
Stretched-wheelbase version of the CJ-5 (101 inches) for more cargo or passenger room. Less common but highly sought by restorers needing extra length.
CJ-7
Longer wheelbase (93.5 inches), wider and more rectangular doors, and better suited for hardtops and doors. Became the most popular late CJ and the direct predecessor to the Wrangler. Available with AMC inline-six and V8 engines.
CJ-8 Scrambler
Pickup version of the CJ-7 with a short bed. Rare and highly collectible today.
More than 1.5 million CJ Jeeps were built between 1945 and 1986 under Willys, Kaiser, and AMC ownership. The line ended when the YJ Wrangler replaced it in 1987.
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